Food Adulteration

It is important to understand both Food Additives and Adulterants for a better understanding.

Food Additives

People keep finding new ways to prolong food’s freshness after harvest and slaughter, so that it can be used at a later time. Food additives were in use since centuries, our ancestors used to preserve fist with salt, fruits with sugar, onion with vinegar, etc.

The basic purpose behind processing food is not only to make it safe to eat at a later date but also to preserve its look, taste, smell as close to freshly prepared food as possible. Food additives are one of the many things that allow users to enjoy crunchy cookies, moist bread, tender pot roast, refrigerated fresh salad.

In simple words, food additive is any substance which is added in the process of production, processing, treatment, packaging, transportation or storage of food to keep it fresh and ready to eat at later time.

Benefits of Additives in Food:

• To Maintain or Improve Safety and Freshness
• To Maintain or Improve Nutritional Value of food
• To Improve Taste, texture and Appearance

Food Additives can be divided into following groups:

• Acids
• Acidity regulators
• Anticaking agents
• Antifoaming agents
• Antioxidants
• Bulking agents
• Food colouring
• Colour retention agents
• Emulsifiers
• Flavours
• Flavour enhancers
• Flour treatment agents
• Humectants
• Preservatives
• Stabilizers, thickeners and gelling agents
• Sweeteners
• Thickeners

Food Adulteration

Food adulteration in simple words is mixing of non edible harmful items to the food to get lower cost price. Inferior products are usually harmful or do not have equal nutritional value like the original. In order to curb the threat from food adulteration, Government of India introduced the prevention of Food Adulteration Act, 1954 with prevention of Food Adulteration Rules 1955.

Food Adulteration often lead to Economic Food Fraud- substituting items of lesser value for something of higher value and then passing off the final product as one of higher value.

Most Common Food Adulterants :

Food	Adulterant
Orange Juice	Beet Sugar, Corn Syrup
Olive Oil	Canola Oil
Apple Juice	Sugar, Water, Flavouring hydrolyzed Inulin syrup
Dairy Cream	Corn Oil
Mapple and Sorghum Syrups	Corn Syrup
Honey	Corn Syrup
Scallops	Water, Sodium Tripolyphosphate
Horseradish	Potato Starch
Milk	Salt, Water
Ginseng	Sawdust